{"id":9930,"date":"2025-05-26T08:57:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T01:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/?p=9930"},"modified":"2025-05-26T08:59:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T01:59:33","slug":"chip-ban-dan-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/tu-van-nghe-nghiep\/chip-ban-dan-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u1eabn gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"chip<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IC \u2013 Integrated Circuit) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay, tivi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t con chip c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 transistor \u2013 nh\u1eefng linh ki\u1ec7n si\u00eau nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c transistor n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. C\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (IoT), xe t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i hay \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean chip<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tinh). \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00f9y v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c khi pha th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silicon l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip, chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1edd tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Ngo\u00e0i silicon, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 germanium, gallium arsenide (GaAs) ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (compound semiconductors) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 chip t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 pha t\u1ea1p (doping). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ec3 silicon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: lo\u1ea1i n (d\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed) v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i p (thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed), \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a transistor \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p tinh vi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 linh ki\u1ec7n si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo l\u1edbp tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf silicon m\u1ecfng, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cwafer\u201d. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a chip th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 quang kh\u1eafc, pha t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc \u0103n m\u00f2n. M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chip l\u00e0 transistor<\/strong> \u2013 linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, gi\u00fap b\u1eadt t\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Transistor ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i p v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u transistor l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch logic th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i transistor, chip c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a diode<\/strong> \u2013 linh ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u2013 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/strong> \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, nh\u01b0ng khi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chip ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chip hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nanomet \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 transistor c\u00e0ng cao, chip c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 thu nh\u1ecf li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o chip \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u201cnanomet\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m (CPU) \u2013 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb (RAM, ROM) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i chip d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 truy xu\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, chip \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GPU) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 video, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong game, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 3D v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i chip t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 SoC (System on Chip) \u2013 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 CPU, GPU, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, modem… tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con chip duy nh\u1ea5t. SoC gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian, gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 transistor, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch \u2013 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. Nh\u1edd t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t, chip kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ch r\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh vi nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o wafer v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n chip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf vi m\u1ea1ch (EDA \u2013 Electronic Design Automation) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u transistor v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd 2D. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 logic, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u201cm\u1eb7t n\u1ea1\u201d (mask) \u2013 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc l\u00ean wafer silicon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o wafer silicon \u2013 \u0111\u1ebf n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a chip. T\u1eeb c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft, silicon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thanh tr\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cingot\u201d, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng l\u00e1t m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u0129a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 wafer. M\u1ed7i wafer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m con chip sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang kh\u1eafc (photolithography) \u2013 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean wafer, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm chi\u1ebfu qua m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 in h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu m\u1ea1ch l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet), cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nanomet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau quang kh\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc doping (pha t\u1ea1p), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn v\u00e0o silicon nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho t\u1eebng l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch, gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chip 3D nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ch, wafer s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng chip ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i (packaging). L\u00fac n\u00e0y, chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebf k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, b\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn ch\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o bo m\u1ea1ch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed7i chip ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 12 tu\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 USD cho d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, chip \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/strong>, chip l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng, laptop, tivi th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 th\u00f4ng minh. C\u00e1c chip x\u1eed l\u00fd (CPU, GPU), chip \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, chip k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth), v\u00e0 chip l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/strong>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, camera, phanh ABS, t\u00fai kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb GPS, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. V\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chip trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong y t\u1ebf<\/strong>, chip \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y \u0111o huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec7n tim (ECG), m\u00e1y theo d\u00f5i nh\u1ecbp tim v\u00e0 glucose. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1eeb xa, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh y khoa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>, chip \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng robot, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (PLC). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/strong>, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong radar, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u00ean l\u1eeda, v\u1ec7 tinh, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u2013 n\u01a1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a chip l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t chi\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, chip c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, y t\u1ebf, giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Intel (M\u1ef9), TSMC (\u0110\u00e0i Loan), Samsung (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c), NVIDIA v\u00e0 Qualcomm gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng. Intel m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CPU; TSMC d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea3ng gia c\u00f4ng chip; c\u00f2n Samsung v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip nh\u1edb, v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chip logic. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o R&D \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chip 3D \u2013 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ea1ch theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc \u2013 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 transistor m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. Song song \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) ngay tr\u00ean chip \u0111ang m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi cho t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ngo\u00e0i silicon, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 graphene, gallium nitride c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed R&D cao khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5nm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u2013 t\u1eeb AI, xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u2013 m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eabn ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ebb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. V\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u1eafm b\u1eaft ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 chip kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ed Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u00ec ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":9931,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tu-van-nghe-nghiep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9930"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9933,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9930\/revisions\/9933"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}