{"id":26525,"date":"2026-07-23T16:11:14","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T09:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/?p=26525"},"modified":"2026-07-23T17:11:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T10:11:54","slug":"thuat-ngu-kinh-te-vi-mo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/kien-thuc-kinh-te\/thuat-ngu-kinh-te-vi-mo","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1: c\u1ea9m nang tra c\u1ee9u A\u2013Z chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tin v\u1ec1 GDP, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t hay c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4<\/strong> th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u sai b\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ea9m nang tra c\u1ee9u A\u2013Z, gom 52 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hay g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn song ng\u1eef Anh\u2013Vi\u1ec7t k\u00e8m g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n theo ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\"thu\u1eadt<\/p>\n

\n

T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 B\u00e0i g\u1ed3m 52 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chia th\u00e0nh 7 nh\u00f3m: t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1n c\u00e2n, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh, chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u2013 M\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ng\u1eafn k\u00e8m t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u nhanh khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u00f4n ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (Financial Analyst), nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n sang ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Tr\u00ean CareerLink, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu\u1ed9c chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \/ \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/strong> hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 2.632 tin tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>, m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 7\u201345 tri\u1ec7u\/th\u00e1ng<\/strong>, tr\u1ea3i t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u0129 m\u00f4 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng b\u1ed9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

1. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n

Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, n\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng con s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (GDP per Capita)<\/h3>\n

GDP per Capita l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i chia cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra trong n\u0103m. Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau n\u00e0y x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng chung nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thu nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 GDP (Gross Output vs GDP)<\/h3>\n

Gross Output (GO) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o ra g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed trung gian, c\u00f2n GDP ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady GO lu\u00f4n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n GDP, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea7m s\u1ebd th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng quy m\u00f4 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng (Value Added)<\/h3>\n

Value Added l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam, b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra tr\u1eeb chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 mua ngo\u00e0i. C\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ra GDP.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p (Added value)<\/h3>\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng (VAT). \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t (Productivity)<\/h3>\n

Productivity l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 gi\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ed1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf (Value)<\/h3>\n

Value l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu \u00edch ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf (Economic benefit)<\/h3>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua thu nh\u1eadp, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (Capital goods vs Consumer goods)<\/h3>\n

Capital goods l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f2n consumer goods ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Public goods)<\/h3>\n

Public goods l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng hay chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u00edt mu\u1ed1n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng ra b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n cung.<\/p>\n

2. L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c mua v\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u2013 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/a> \u0111ang tuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean CareerLink \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1. Nh\u00f3m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (CPI)<\/h3>\n

CPI (Consumer Price Index) \u0111o m\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t r\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng theo th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y do C\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3; xem th\u00eam c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh CPI<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Si\u00eau l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t (Hyperinflation)<\/h3>\n

Hyperinflation l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u0103ng phi m\u00e3, theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Phillip Cagan l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 50% m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n g\u1ed3m \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1eddi Weimar v\u00e0 Zimbabwe, khi cung ti\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t do chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y (Cost-push inflation)<\/h3>\n

L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t do chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y x\u1ea3y ra khi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng, bu\u1ed9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n d\u00f9 c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00fa s\u1ed1c gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t do c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o (Demand-pull inflation)<\/h3>\n

L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t do c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung \u1ee9ng, khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u “qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 \u00edt h\u00e0ng”, v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n (Price vs Cost)<\/h3>\n

Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 (price) l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, c\u00f2n ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n (cost) l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c mua (BPI)<\/h3>\n

BPI (Buying Power Index) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mua s\u1eafm c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb thu nh\u1eadp, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng BPI \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

3. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi an sinh. Nh\u00f3m thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a (Fiscal policy)<\/h3>\n

Fiscal policy l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thu chi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng k\u00edch th\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf khi suy tho\u00e1i, th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t khi t\u0103ng n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 do kinh t\u1ebf (Laissez faire)<\/h3>\n

Laissez faire l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “b\u00e0n tay v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh” c\u1ee7a Adam Smith. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ecb v\u00e0ng (Gold standard)<\/h3>\n

Gold standard l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cung ti\u1ec1n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Bretton Woods d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u0103m 1971.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 (Monetary regime)<\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p quy t\u1eafc chi ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh (fiat money) l\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

N\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng (Public Debt)<\/h3>\n

Public Debt l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 vay \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, g\u1ed3m n\u1ee3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u1ede m\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00f3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng an to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi GDP s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i (Welfare State)<\/h3>\n

Welfare State l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 y t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u01b0u tr\u00ed. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf cao.<\/p>\n

4. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u00e1n c\u00e2n v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, n\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y gom kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (Balance of trade)<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia trong k\u1ef3. Xu\u1ea5t si\u00eau khi xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp si\u00eau khi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n c\u00e2n thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t k\u00e9p (Twin deficits)<\/h3>\n

Th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t k\u00e9p l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t c\u00e1n c\u00e2n v\u00e3ng lai. Hai kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed9c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i vay n\u1ee3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf so s\u00e1nh (Comparative advantage)<\/h3>\n

Comparative advantage l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a David Ricardo, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ecdi b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Economic integration)<\/h3>\n

H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qua c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft m\u1edf c\u1eeda. Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham gia nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 CPTPP v\u00e0 EVFTA, v\u1eeba m\u1edf c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (International economic relations)<\/h3>\n

Quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI)<\/h3>\n

FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. D\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n n\u00e0y mang theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1eadn bi\u00ean (MPM)<\/h3>\n

MPM (Marginal Propensity to Import) l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi cho h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 “r\u00f2 r\u1ec9” c\u1ea7u ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n chi ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan (Decoupling)<\/h3>\n

Decoupling m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai bi\u1ebfn v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u b\u1ed7ng t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111i c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1ch chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u00f3m thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Market economy)<\/h3>\n

Market economy l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do cung c\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, thay v\u00ec m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n (Monopoly)<\/h3>\n

Monopoly l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n duy nh\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n cung m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n (Monopolistic Competition)<\/h3>\n

Monopolistic Competition l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea hay m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed7i doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ch\u00fat quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 nh\u1edd th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, song kh\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

L\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Market manipulation)<\/h3>\n

L\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i cung c\u1ea7u, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean kh\u00e1c. H\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m v\u00ec l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c-ten (Cartel)<\/h3>\n

Cartel l\u00e0 li\u00ean minh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea1nh tranh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 OPEC trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh tranh (Purpose of competition)<\/h3>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh. \u1ede t\u1ea7m n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd quy m\u00f4 (Economies of scale)<\/h3>\n

Economies of scale l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u00ed b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng, nh\u1edd chia \u0111\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed, song m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Producer surplus)<\/h3>\n

Th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u00e1n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1c b\u00ean thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

6. Chu k\u1ef3, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu k\u1ef3, \u0111\u00f4i khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng qua th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf (Economic cycle)<\/h3>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec9nh, suy tho\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang \u1edf pha n\u00e0o gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh (Business cycle)<\/h3>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m quanh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o qua GDP th\u1ef1c. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecbp l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ea7m v\u00e0i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf (Economic crisis)<\/h3>\n

Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, k\u00e8m theo th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u 2008 l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf (Economic structure)<\/h3>\n

C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e9t theo ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. Chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf (Economic growth model)<\/h3>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Solow. Ch\u1ecdn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng hay chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Quy lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf (Economic law)<\/h3>\n

Quy lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 quy lu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u hay quy lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan, n\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo thay v\u00ec \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4 (Macro vs Microeconomics)<\/h3>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 (macroeconomics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf t\u1ea7m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 GDP, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4 (microeconomics) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Hai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau.<\/p>\n

7. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

Nh\u00f3m cu\u1ed1i gom c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong tin t\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng entity n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o c\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ef1 tin c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edf khi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh (PCI)<\/h3>\n

PCI (Provincial Competitiveness Index) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VCCI) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00f9ng PCI \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GCI)<\/h3>\n

GCI (Global Competitiveness Index) do Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Kinh t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WEF) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu quen thu\u1ed9c khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac qu\u1ed1c gia (GNH)<\/h3>\n

GNH (Gross National Happiness) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, do Bhutan kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o thay th\u1ebf cho GDP. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n r\u00fat v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (SDR)<\/h3>\n

SDR (Special Drawing Rights) l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMF) l\u1eadp ra n\u0103m 1969, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb SDR d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u1ed5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh g\u1ed3m USD, EUR, CNY, JPY v\u00e0 GBP, b\u1ed5 sung cho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 USD (DXY)<\/h3>\n

DXY (US Dollar Index) \u0111o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 so v\u1edbi r\u1ed5 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t g\u1ed3m EUR, JPY, GBP, CAD, SEK v\u00e0 CHF. DXY t\u0103ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 USD m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng Anh (GBP)<\/h3>\n

GBP (Pound Sterling) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3ng Anh, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. GBP kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng euro (EUR) v\u00ec Anh kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n chung ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Kinh t\u1ebf (OECD)<\/h3>\n

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf g\u1ed3m 38 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i Paris, chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a OECD l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n tham chi\u1ebfu uy t\u00edn cho gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (MPI)<\/h3>\n

B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (Ministry of Planning and Investment) t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan tham m\u01b0u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025, c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (Ministry of Finance), n\u00ean khi tra c\u1ee9u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd khi tra c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian: B\u1ed9 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb 2025, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u0103m 1971, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u2013 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eb7p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m khi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tra nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u1eb7p thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/th>\nKh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
L\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o vs chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y<\/td>\nC\u1ea7u k\u00e9o do t\u1ed5ng c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 nhanh; chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y do chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u0103ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GO vs GDP vs GDP per Capita<\/td>\nGO t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed trung gian; GDP ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng; GDP per Capita l\u00e0 GDP chia d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n vs c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay th\u1ebf; c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n: nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 vs vi m\u00f4<\/td>\nV\u0129 m\u00f4 nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (GDP, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t); vi m\u00f4 nh\u00ecn h\u00e0nh vi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cartel vs \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/td>\nCartel l\u00e0 li\u00ean minh nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u00e1; \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 duy nh\u1ea5t chi ph\u1ed1i cung.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u0129 m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean; hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef theo nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n h\u1ecdc r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c t\u1eebng t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

\u2013 T\u1eadp g\u1eafn m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed1i si\u00eau l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Zimbabwe.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Theo d\u00f5i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 IMF, OECD v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

8. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi n\u00ean h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u00f3m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, r\u1ed3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. H\u1ecdc theo nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00fap li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 nh\u00ecn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf t\u1ea7m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 GDP, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n kinh t\u1ebf vi m\u00f4 soi v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3 khu r\u1eebng, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean nh\u00ecn t\u1eebng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

3. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng b\u1ed9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00edch khi \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3, v\u00ec m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1ed9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c tin tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tra c\u1ee9u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eadt n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Khi \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4<\/strong> n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin v\u1ec1 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t, t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 hay t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung trong b\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u0129 m\u00f4 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Minh An<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tin v\u1ec1 GDP, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t hay c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":26524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-kinh-te"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26525"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26526,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26525\/revisions\/26526"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.careerlink.vn\/cam-nang-viec-lam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}